Gender Inequality Within A Competitive Athletic Workplace

Mr. Recinto Freshman 101 December 9, 2015 Gender Inequality What are the types of gender inequality in this world? Inequality is when there are two things that are not the same. For example, antonyms, they are when two objects don t have similar qualities. This means there are differences between the two. It can be beneficial or very discriminating. The definition for gender inequality is the unequal treatment, or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Gender inequality is between the male and female advantages and disadvantages. In this world there are numerous of examples of inequalities. They can range from intelligence to the physical capability of doing something. The male and female are different in many ways, not only in physical appearance. It is very unequal for the women and for the men too. In gender inequality there are inequalities in sports, work, and in leadership. First of all, there is gender inequality in sports. Sport as in a competitive athletic doing. Gender inequality is in college sports, community sports, and in professional sports. Before women played any sports, it was all men who played. Also, it seems as if there are more men who play sports than women. There is also more male sports, like sports where girls don t play the sport because it s more for males. For example, there is football, baseball, shooting, rugby, and more sports. Girls do play those sports, but it is not common for all the girls toShow MoreRelatedFemale And Female Athletes1463 Words   |  6 Pagesfemale athletes extremely under-represented in the media, they are also given fewer opportunities in comparison to their male counterparts. With evidence through studies, there is little room for argument regarding the validity of gender inequality in Canadian athletics at the varsity level, specifically focusing on Canadian universities. Part of the success that athletes enjoy comes from the media coverage which allows for these individuals to garner the needed attention to make their careers fruitfulRead MoreGender Inequality And The Social Construction Of Gender1562 Words   |  7 Pagesof gender, race, class, and sexuality have led to discrimination and inequality of those classified under a variety of these categories. Through understanding the significance of these social constructs on society it becomes apparent the intersectionality they have when it comes to understanding why certain groups may face discrimination or inequality. This paper examines gender inequality and how the social construction of gender makes it difficult for the pursuit of equality amongst genders. GenderRead MoreGender Equality And The Rights Movement1706 Words   |  7 PagesGender is defined as distinct from sex in that it refers to the social and cultural constructs which, defines his or her roles in society. Thus the concept of gender equality is necessary however not sufficient. Society promotes the idea that anyone can do or become anything in this world as long as we work hard for what we choose to do. Schools teaches us that no matter what we are black, white, Mexican, male, female, or transgender that it doesn’t matter. What matters is the work and effort putRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagesn AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racialRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreResearch On Single Sex Education5097 Words   |  21 PagesJu;y 12, 2015 Education reform is a widely debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. One fundamental reform idea that is most commonly discussed is coeducation vs single sex education. This paper will explore the researchRead MoreResearch On Single Sex Education5889 Words   |  24 PagesJuly 12, 2015 Education reform is a commonly debated topic nowadays in the United States due to the various immediate needs of improvement in the American public school system. These ideas include a common curriculum, higher academic standards and gender equity in schools. These different ideas are discussed to give parents more choices in their child’s education. Two fundamental reform ideas that are most commonly discussed are coeducation versus single sex education. This paper will explore theRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesrepresentation men receive in the media industry. They also get no political influence and little national recognition. Defence: The problem is worth researching for several reasons. Although soccer is the central sport discussed in Bar-On’s research, the gender issue is the same for most if not all professional sports: women never get the same recognition men receive for their achievement. The research problem is beyond doubt a social problem. When it comes to soccer, the most recognized event is the FIFARead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesInternational Management topic matter for instructors who want to include this material in their tests. The featured use of cases is further enhanced in this edition. All cases have been updated and several new ones have been added for this edition. The short within-chapter Preface vii case illustrations—â€Å"In the International Spotlight† and â€Å"You Be the International Management Consultant†Ã¢â‚¬â€can be read and discussed in class. The revised or newly added â€Å"Integrative Cases† positioned at the end of eachRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPrinter/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained

Usa Today and Wall Street Journal Swot - 1643 Words

USA TODAY Strengths 1. Hotel Circulation 2. Cheaper for Technological Circulation 3. Number One For Sports Coverage 4. Relates To More People Who Do Not Have A Strong Business Background 5. Easier Comprehension For Lower Education Level Readers 6. More Popular in Lower Income Families (under $80,000) 7. Use of Google Ads 8. Popularity Greatly Exceeds the Competition Outside the WSJ 9. Short Distribution to Circulators Weaknesses 1. Decline of Paper Reading 2. Availability of Free Online Articles Before Subscription 3. Lack of Youth Appeal- Average Age is 50 Years Old 4. More of A Domestic Newspaper Compared to the WSJ, offered in London and a few select cities 5. Wide Range of Coverage That†¦show more content†¦* As internet readers increase, save money on using less paper, ink ,etc. Also can eliminate some salary expenses (delivery boy, etc.) * A decrease in operating costs will open up the opportunity for them to focus on the popularity of Internet media. * Could transition from a daily paper to a weekly, or just three times a week * Lessen costs and encourage web participation * Set distribution which provides a guaranteed advertisement community * The set advertisement community guarantees loyalty to the switch to internet media, and a steady income from advertisements (the main source of income) * Information demand is increasing * With the switch to Internet media, an increase in in formation demand provides increased popularity and focus of one of the top two leading news sites. * Increased advertisement opportunities * As their main source of income, this will potentially create growth * Plummeting stock market * Increases public desire/need for information * Journalism education focusing on the internet * New fresh minds focusing on the future of media Threats * Groupon * Other, cheaper advertisement opportunities * Other forms of print Radio, TV, magazines (The Economist) * Competition for the same information * Other free news on the internet * No need to pay for aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Concepts Unit 2 Complete957 Words   |  4 PagesResearch and update the case information as much as possible with current research, and then conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis for USA Today. 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This was done by writing inRead MoreUsa Today Swot Analysis Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesUSA Today has long been one of the nation’s leading newspapers. It started in 1982 and quickly became very popular because of its new format, colorful pictures and charts, and condensed articles. The paper targeted a different demographic than its predecessors and was able to get more people interested in newspapers than had previously been. USA today grew quickly and appealed to many different age groups because of their attention to not only the current issues but also celebrity news and a strongRead MoreStarwood Is A Hotel And Leisure Company1421 Words   |  6 Pageshas much potential. The potential for growth is abundant, but Starwood has some weaknesses that need better management. Compared to their competition, Starwood has a high debt burden (SWOT Analysis, 2016). Unlike their competition, they still rely heavily on a 3rd party reservations from the internet company (SWOT Analysis, 2016). 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As the recession began more and more consumers started tu rning to companies who offer a decent cup of coffee, at affordable prices rather than high-end retailers. Today the three largest companies in the US coffee industry are Starbucks, Dunkin Donuts and McDonald’s (â€Å"Spiderbook†). These three industry leaders market share depends on their ability to deliver high-quality, yet affordable, products, secure prime locationsRead MoreNew York Times Paywall Case Essay2741 Words   |  11 Pagestried by the most popular American newspaper website before and the question is whether or not this strategy can help The Times evolve with the ever-changing technologies and continue to live up to its motto: All the News That’s Fit to Print. SWOT External Environment Assessment The newspaper industry in the United States is in major need of a transformation. 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I will provide a brief profile of the company, highlighting the most relevant information pertaining to the company. Through the sources, I will present the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the company, and discuss some of the reasons it has been failing to compete with other major companies in the industry. In addition, I will discuss some of theRead MoreStarbucks Corporation Situation Analysis and Swot Essay2668 Words   |  11 Pageslower prices. Strong competition drives Starbucks to differentiate itself from other companies and create value for customers in a unique way. Although Blenz, Waves, and Tim Hortons sell similar products, they do not match Starbucks in global scale. Today, Starbucks has over 13,000 locations in 39 countries, making it a highly recognized brand (Datamonitor). On account of its great locations, Starbucks appeals to a number of mainstream and potential customers (Thompson John). Furthermore, positioning

Artificial Intelligences Mental Illness †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Can Artificial Intelligences Suffer From Mental Illness? Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the concept of artificial intelligence and its association with emotions and feelings. The discussion will be discussed in context with different classical theories of ethics. There is constant debate on the concept of artificial intelligence and its connection with different emotions like pain or love or basic level of consciousness. The debate continues to annoy the researchers since the concept is not yet defined formally. An author namely Alan Turing was actually could bypass different kinds of semantics by aiming on how artificial intelligent could perform completely against a human as per the test (Calvo et al, 2016). The current practical reality also says that the advance level financial intelligence and different attached technologies is related on whether it shows a true kind of consciousness or not. This is however associated with a challenge of whether the concept will show human like disability in mind or not. Discussion Understanding the basic nature based on intelligence has constantly questioned an issues in order to clarify philosophical as well as practical distinction between artificial and human intelligence. It is important to understand here that Turing Test as well as interpretation in modern world stays controversial and still it can polarize and complete separates the scientific sectors. In the field of psychiatry and clinical psychology has made some crucial conclusions which are based on recognizing the state of mental illness and also showing the main causes that are more challenging than it may actually seem (Copeland, 2015). Utilitarian theory The concept of utilitarianism is based on normative ethical theory that usually places a lot of attention of right as well as wrong consequences by selecting one policy over varied actions. It actually goes way beyond the overall scope of anybody interest and focus on interest of other people. Since the topic discusses a hypothetical situation where the robots can suffer from mental illness as per the human diagnostic lens but there are series of important questions needs to be asked here like the concept of mental illness in robot will be for real or will this be simple mimicking impact. Or will these robots will undergo suffering same as human being and also considering that the AI can be designed as well as programmed to suffer from any kind of cognitive challenge. There are varied actions as per the utilitarian theory and the decision on right and wrong can be very challenging (Ashrafian et al, 2015). The robots did not show any change in the psychology as well as processing based analysis so that while considering the case of any mental illness, they cannot consider suffering from it. Therefore when making a conclusion on the basis of assumption and argument against the Szaszian theory says that we can include the notion that either tests the material change in the ro bots with right diagnoses or robots did have minds and the analysis of material will not be able to measure the underlying mental disorder. Deontological theory The theory of Deontological ethics in philosophy is based on diverse ethical theories that actually place special attention on relationship that exist between the duty as well as the morality of diverse human actions. The theory is based on action that considers morally good actions since same feature of action itself not because the product of the action is not enough. The assumption that the robots are actually suffering from any kind of mental illness, and then all the arguments pitched against theory of Szaszian will consist of the notion that either cannot be evaluated for the change in material or in the robots to right tests any illness or robot will actually have a mind of their own and the analysis of material will not be able to measure the mental disorders (Constantinou et al, 2016). Virtue theory The concept of virtue theory or ethics is based on the concept for ethics that focuses on an individual character since the key components of ethical thinking instead of rules are actually based on actions or the results or consequences. The overall possibility of mental health in robots afloat again the previous concepts of elements based on dualism in mental illness where such disorders are divided as the non-physical kind of elements. As per the Cartesian dualism also shows that such diseases actually present in all the no-physical component of soul, consciousness, and mind that are clearly discussed concepts (Poo et al, 2016). The fact based on dualism also suggests that all the non-physical elements in the brain can actually communicate with the present physical elements. Contract theory The concept of contract theory is just not based on the study of many legally binding contracts. When it is defined broadly, it also studies the overall design of formal as well as informal management which encourage masses with many conflicting choices that needs to be taken on mutual grounds with many beneficial actions (Yampolskiy, 2014). The concept of contract theory also guides people in forming a structure based arrangement that exist between the employees and the company. In short, the contract theory is based on providing each party with right kind of incentives or encouragements to function effectively at one place. In case of any kind of mental illness, disorders are based on many non-physical elements related with brand and it reflects in physical segments. There are some other issues as well like mentally ill patients conscious, sentient along with some measured intelligence. The issue is whether the presence of three features is based on an entity which also means that the concept of mental illness can emerge at any time (Horvitz Mulligan, 2015). The concept remain controversial dividing all the philosophical based zombies in all type of cases for human and an entity with right consciousness must also show the mental disorder that at some level actually exist as a part of disorder when consciousness is there. Conclusion In real world, sentience is actually considered as the part of experiencing any kind of pleasure or pain. It is considered as a proxy for the matter of self awareness and in turn also lead to anticipation for the definition that can still be materialize and views can be challenged continuously. The concept of consciousness remains as a vague concept and seemingly is a part of objective property of intelligence (Gravenhorst et al, 2015). The philosophical vies can also argue that it sometimes become impossible to discuss anything other than being conscious, but from the practical angle, the growth of technologies that shows conscious mind in the kind of artificial intelligence make many strides. If the presence of artificial mind operates to work as per consciousness so they will also have the potential to become vastly dysfunctional while dealing with mental illness. Reference Ashrafian, H., Darzi, A., Athanasiou, T. (2015). A novel modification of the Turing test for artificial intelligence and robotics in healthcare.The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery,11(1), 38-43. Calvo, R. A., Dinakar, K., Picard, R., Maes, P. (2016, May). Computing in mental health. InProceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 3438-3445). ACM. Constantinou, A. C., Fenton, N., Marsh, W., Radlinski, L. (2016). From complex questionnaire and interviewing data to intelligent Bayesian network models for medical decision support.Artificial intelligence in medicine,67, 75-93. Copeland, J. (2015).Artificial intelligence: A philosophical introduction. John Wiley Sons. Gravenhorst, F., Muaremi, A., Bardram, J., Grnerbl, A., Mayora, O., Wurzer, G., ... Trster, G. (2015). Mobile phones as medical devices in mental disorder treatment: an overview.Personal and Ubiquitous Computing,19(2), 335-353. Horvitz, E., Mulligan, D. (2015). Data, privacy, and the greater good.Science, management, 253-255. Poo, M. M., Du, J. L., Ip, N. Y., Xiong, Z. Q., Xu, B., Tan, T. (2016). China Brain Project: basic neuroscience, brain diseases, and brain-inspired computing.Neuron,92(3), 591-596. Yampolskiy, R. V. (2014). Utility function security in artificially intelligent agents.Journal of Experimental Theoretical Artificial Intelligence,26(3), 373-389.

Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart” Essay Example

Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart† Paper The Post-Colonial literature that describes what happens to a strong African, Asian once colonist settle in the area. Post Colonial literature considers vexed cultural- political questions of national and ethnic identity, otherness, race, imperialism and language, during and after the colonial periods. The term is applied most often to writings from Africa, The Indian subcontinent, The Caribbean, and other regions whose histories during the 20th century are marked by colonialism anti-colonialism movement to post independence society. Things Fall Apart is a major work of Post Colonial literature that describes what happens to a strong Nigerian tribe during colonial rule in colonialism offering and insight into African culture that had not been portrayed before, Things Fall Apart is both a tragic and moving story of and individual set in the wider context of the coming of colonialism, as well as a powerful and complex political statement of cross cultural encounters. â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre, The falcon cannot hear the falconer, Things fall apart; the center cannot hold, Mere anarchy is loosed upon the World. 1† The title â€Å"Things Fall Apart† is taken from W. B. Yeats poem ‘The Second Coming’ . The life of an Igbo tribe on the very cusp of the time when the wave of colonization washed over Africa set in Nigeria. The book flows story ‘Okonkwo’, the son of ne’er do well, who is determined not to end up a failure like his father, but wants to follow tradition and rise in rank within the tribe. But just as the title predicts, Okonkwo’s plans for a perfect life go astray. Change is inevitable and even the best lead plans to astray. We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart† specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart† specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the turbulent time settings, Okonkwo is doomed to loose the traditions he cherishes as his society slowly falls apart. The first part of the novel discuss with suffering and sorrows of the natives due to illiteracy. They are far away from modernization and having their own circle of ethic, morality and manners. They live with their tradition, custom, ritual and savage culture. The second part deals with the theme of exploration and exploitations. It expresses the arrival of Europeans in the Africa and exploitation of Europeans in African native Nigro. The men like Mr. Brown and Mr. James Smith being the rule policy in Umufia. They destroy native African culture by introducing Christianity. The marginal African like Osu Ibu people are attracted towards Christen religion as a result of that native African culture collapsed in Umufia. Post-Colonial theory thinks about subaltern, Marginal, hybrid people, the other, the untouchables of the whole world. The writers like Edward Said, G. C. Spivak and Homi Bhabha even Chinua Achebe focus the suffering of marginal and expose the cruel imperial rule. Okonkwo the protagonist feels great insult of his culture and nation, he has fight against British Imperialism and other hand he has to fight against his own people. At a time he is fighting world war and civil war. On both levels he defeated because of cruel power of colonization, imperialism. When realized his helplessness dominance of imperialism he commits suicide. This Tragic end of Okonkwo doesn’t mean the real defeat- he has expressed his rage, revolt and strong protest towards the British cruel rule in Umufia. Though he died, he made the reads of the world to think about his commitment. He made the imperialist to do self-introspection give justice to the natives of Africa. So, the death of Okonkwo is not defeat but freedom fighter; his death is to be considered as a heroic deed. In this way â€Å"Things Fall Apart† proves a post-colonial novel. Reference: 1)Things Fall Apart- Chinua Achebe 2)Oxford Literary Dictionary 3)Literay Terms- M. H Abraham 4)English Literature- W. J. Long 5)History of English Literature- Goodman

Utilizing Newspaper Advertisem essays

Utilizing Newspaper Advertisem essays The 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s are often considered three of the most controversial, radical, and progressive decades in American history. Many politically, socially, and economically vital events took place during these eras that forever transformed America and its citizens. However, while domestic and global catastrophes such as the Great Depression and World War II enabled certain minorities, such as women, to achieve limited social progresses (temporarily increasing their number in the work force and higher wages), it also provided an opportunity for the society to reinforce traditional perceptions of women. One medium in which this notion is clearly exhibited is in newspaper advertisements. After systematically analyzing several newspaper advertisements from the nationally distributed newspaper, the Saturday Evening Post, from three different decades, separated from one another by exactly ten years starting with 1925, the pitch and language used in these advertisements seemed t o support the idea that despite the historical events that occurred during these time periods, mainstream advertisements consistently reinforced Americas conservative belief that a proper womans place was still in the home taking care of her children and performing domestic tasks. The 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, produced an era of prosperity and well being as the result of the second industrial revolution in manufacturing. Yet, contrary to this popular depiction, Americas increased wealth during this time was not equally distributed among its people: Amid prosperity and progress, there were large pockets of the country that lagged behind. Advances in real income and improvements in the standard of living for workers and farmers were uneven at best. During the 1920s one-quarter of all American workers were employed in agriculture, yet the farm sector failed to share in the general prosperity (...

Young Goodman Brown Quotes

Young Goodman Brown Quotes Young Goodman Brown is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne (author of The Scarlet Letter) that centers around a young Puritan in New England and his deal with the Devil. Young Goodman Brown is famous for being a representation of American Romantic literature and is often studied in American literature classrooms as an important short work involving the Puritans and other essential themes. Read the story and check out some of the most iconic quotes from the story, then compare Young Goodman Brown with another famous American story about a mans Faustian deal with the Devil, The Devil and Tom Walker by Washington Irving. Quotes Prithee put off your journey until sunrise and sleep in your own bed to-night. A lone woman is troubled with such dreams and such thoughts that shes afeard of herself sometimes. Pray tarry with me this night, dear husband, of all nights in the year. The traveler knows not who may be concealed by the innumerable trunks and the thick boughs overhead; so that with lonely footsteps he may yet be passing through an unseen multitude. On he flew among the black pines, brandishing his staff with frenzied gestures, now giving vent to an inspiration of horrid blasphemy, and now shouting forth such laughter as set all the echoes of the forest laughing like demons around him. The fiend in his own shape is less hideous than when he rages in the breast of man. The young man sat a few moments by the roadside, applauding himself greatly, and thinking with how clear a conscience he should meet the minister in his morning walk, nor shrink from the eye of good old Deacon Gookin. With this excellent resolve for the future, goodman Brown felt himself justified in making more haste on his present evil purpose. He beheld the figure of a man, in grave and decent attire. But, irreverently consorting with these grave, reputable, and pious people, these elders of the church, these chaste dames and dewy virgins, there were men of dissolute lives and women of spotted fame, wretches given over to all mean and filthy vice, and suspected even of horrid crimes. It was strange to see that the good shrank not from the wicked, nor were the sinners abashed by the saints. By the sympathy of your human hearts for sin ye shall scent out all the places-whether in church, bedchamber, street, field, or forest-where crime has been committed, and shall exult to behold the whole earth one stain of guilt, one mighty blood spot. The fiend in his own shape is less hideous than when he rages in the breast of man. Now are ye undeceived. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness. Welcome again, my children, to the communion of your race.

Bill Clinton's Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bill Clinton's Speech - Essay Example Within hours of this confessional breakfast, the internet was a flurry of activity. The news of the speech, and the opinions of this president by millions around the world was spread, and the net seemed to close on William Jefferson Clinton. In a 445-page document, all posted on the internet, Kenneth Starr, the independent counsel, had found Bill Clinton liable to impeachment on eleven counts involving perjury, obstruction of justice, witness tampering, and abuse of authority. This indictment was supported by an agonizing and scandalous telling of details. In the Paula Jones case, Clinton had denied, under oath, ever having had sexual relations with "that woman, Miss Lewinsky". Therefore, Mr. Starr has provided a lurid and sometimes funny account of Bill Clinton's "sexual encounters" with Monica Lewinsky, a 21-year-old intern at the White House. This section of the report revealed Clinton "as a middle-aged urchin, dangerously vulnerable, lacking judgment, self-control and integrity. Public attention worldwide has naturally centered on this section of the Starr Report." (Ahmad) The response to the President's speech, varied among the many religious communities of the United States. Several who were present told reporters later that they had been deeply moved by the president's speech Dr. Joan Brown Campbell, general secretary of the US National Council of Churches, the largest ecumenical organization in the country, described the temper of the audience as "deeply spiritual". She believed Clinton to be penitent. She also told reporters that even so she wasn't sure if the United States was "prepared to be led by a repentant sinner." (Herlinger) A well-known African American clergyman, James Forbes, senior minister of New York City's Riverside Church, said in a television interview following the address that "it felt like a real holy moment. There was not a single false note. Here is a man who has been anointed by grace and awaits restoration," said Forbes. (Herlinger) Clinton emphatically denied doing anything wrong, following the accusations that surfaced in early 1998. He clearly stated he had no "sexual contact" with a young White House intern. These accusations were made in the course of a civil lawsuit against then President Clinton, in an alleged act of sexual harassment occurring while he was governor of Arkansas. Clinton was accused of lying to a grand jury about his sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, the young intern. Having been caught in a series of lies about his personal affairs demanded a public response. That response took the shape of the "I have sinned" speech, delivered September 11, 1998, and one other delivered August 17, 1998. The September speech can be considered effective because it shifted the public focus in such a way that Clinton's character appealed to his audience. (Harris) Considering the two speeches to be Clinton's apologia to the American public several constants can be identified that contributed to the effectiveness, particularly the September speech. 1) Ethical appeals precede logical appeals; 2) Offensive remarks follow defensive remarks; 3) Most evidence appears in the middle third apologia; and 4) The argument resembles previously used arguments. A fifth constant more recently added to this list is an apologia ends with an appeal to

Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms Essay

Instructional Strategies for ELL Classrooms - Essay Example With input, the focus should be on the student and the extent to which he understands (Gass et al 1994). Researchers admit that nonuse takes place when the information contained in the input is included into a learner's grammar. However, the fact that the information is already included into a grammar does not necessarily exclude it from being utilized--although it may be used in a different way from what one normally thinks of. When the information contained in the input is already a part of one's knowledge base, the additional input might be used for rule strengthening or hypothesis reconfirmation. Part of becoming a fluent speaker of a second language involves the automatic retrieval of information from one's knowledge base. The knowledge base is developed through practice or repeated exposure to exemplars. Thus, information that may appear redundant may be serving an important purpose in terms of the access the learner has to that information (Jonassen and Hannum 1998). 2. Feedback is important technique in learning because it helps a student to understand his mistakes and correct them at once. Feedback should be supported by events such as motivating students, communicating the learning objectives, directing students' attention, activating related knowledge, providing guidance, promoting transfer (generalization), eliciting performance, and providing feedback. The teachers' statements, which are spontaneous and oral, are more difficult to categorize than the written statements of the authors. The content and grammar of the teachers' statements were less structured and precise than those of the authors. On-going, specific and immediate feedback helps teachers to save time and direct learning process. Feedback encourages students to uimprove. Several analogies constructed for the same concept can help the students view the target concept from different perspectives. The analogies function like conceptual lenses, with each one bringing different feat ures of the concept into sharper focus (Kitajima and Polson 1997). Teachers also are encouraged to use the model to construct additional analogies to complement an author's analogy. Several analogies constructed for the same concept can help the students view the target concept from different perspectives. The analogies function like conceptual lenses, with each one bringing different features of the concept into sharper focus. During normal or stable times, scientific activities turn to the refinement of established knowledge claims. But the review of historical documents and actual practice of scientists revealed that there are also times when members of a scientific community are in disagreement about what are the appropriate background knowledge and critical problems that should guide the design of investigations and the evaluation of evidence and knowledge claims (Gass et al 1994). 3. Taken together, instructional steps are a direct outcome of teacher assessment decisions that begin to alter the dynamics of the classroom learning environment. The public expression of what matters and what is valued begins to change. As students learn the criteria, they not only learn the rules of the game in the classroom, they also learn what is valued in the scientific discipline (Manouchehri 2001). Other models include having students work in pairs or small groups to come to a consensus view through

Granting Finance and Non-Fund Based Limits Essay Example for Free

Granting Finance and Non-Fund Based Limits Essay For the purpose of granting finance, banks are lending by way of fund based limits as well as non fund based limits. The following are treated as fund based limits: a) Lock and key type – against of pledge of goods; b) Open factory type pledge or open key advance – against hypothecation of goods; c) Advance against hypothecation of goods; d) Advance against book debts; e) Advance against bills. The following are considered as non fund based limits granted by the banks to the public: Letter of credit and bank guarantees: Banks normally undertake a proper appraisal of the financial standing and requirement of the customer for non fund based facilities as in the case of fund based ones. This is because though the bank in the case of non funded facility, commits itself to pay only in the event of non-payment by or non performance of the customer, the possibility of the given non-funded credit facility resolving into real or funded credit facility on the customers default or non performance cannot be ruled out. Letter of credit: A letter of credit is a written undertaking given by a bank on behalf of its customer who is a buyer, to the supplied, promising to pay a certain sum of money provided the supplier complies with the terms and conditions embodied in the letter of credit. A letter of credit is required where the supplier of goods and services deals with unknown parties or otherwise feels the need to safeguard his interest. In such circumstances he stipulates in his sales contract with the buyer that the goods will be supplied and payment made only under a banks letter of credit. Under a banks letter of credit a conditional commitment to make the payment is made by the bank which gives an assurance to the supplier that he will receive the necessary payment provided he does what the buyer requires him to do, within the time period specified in that regard. Whereas in the case of fund based limits, the banks deal with goods, in the case of letter of credits, they deal with documents and not in goods and the transactions are executed only on the basis of the documents. The letter of credit is an autonomous transaction quite distinct from the sale and purchase on which it may be based. The bank issuing the letter of credit has to make up its mind within a reasonable time on receipt of the documents whether to accept or reject them. Normally the letter of credits issued the banks are governed by the Uniform customs and practice for documentary credits of the International Chamber of Commerce situated at Paris. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/finance-homework-help/

Plains Indians Essay -- essays research papers

For many tribes of Plains Indians whose bison-hunting culture flourished during the 18th and 19th centuries, the sun dance was the major communal religious ceremony . . . the rite celebrates renewal - the spiritual rebirth of participants and their relatives as well as the regeneration of the living earth with all its components . . . The ritual, involving sacrifice and supplication to insure harmony between all living beings, continues to be practiced by many contemporary native Americans. -Elizabeth Atwood LawrenceAs the most important ritual of the nomadic Plains Indians, the Sun Dance in itself presents many ideas, beliefs, and values of these cultures. Through its rich symbolism and complicated rituals we are able to catch a glimpse into these peoples' view of the world. A Sun Dance is held when a man feels the need to be a dancer to fulfill certain wishes, primarily "for his deliverance from his troubles, for supernatural aid, and for beneficent blessings upon all of his p eople." (Welker) It is this dancer who usually bears the expenses of the Sun Dance (Atwood), including a feast for all that comes to the celebration. (Welker) Motivations behind the Sun Dance varies slightly between tribes. The Crow held the ceremony to seek aid for revenge for family members killed in warfare. The entire event surrounding the Sun Dance generally lasts from four to seven days, though longer events exist. On the first day a tree is selected to serve as the sun-pole, the center pole for the Sun Dance Lodge, or New-Life-Lodge, as called by the Cheyenne. (Atwood) The selection of the tree is usually done by the eldest woman of the camp, who leads a group of elaborately dressed maidens to the tree to strip off its branches. On the next morning, right as the sun is seen over the eastern horizon, armed warriors charge the sun-pole. They attack the tree in effort to symbolically kill it with gunshots and arrows. Once it is dead it is cut down and taken to where the Sun Dance Lodge will be erected. (Schwatka) "Before raising the sun-pole, a fresh buffalo head with a broad centre strip of the back of the hide and tail (is) fastened with strong throngs to the top crotch of the sun-pole. Then the pole (is) raised and set firmly in the ground, with the buffalo head facing ! toward the setting-sun." (Welker) The tree represents the center of the world, connect... ...mbolism and ritual involved with the Sun Dance we can more fully understand the character of the Plains Indian cultures. The Sun Dance shows a continuity between life. It shows that there is no true end to life, but a cycle of symbolic and true deaths and rebirths. All of nature is intertwined and dependent on one another. This gives an equal ground to everything on the earth. "Powerful animals exhibit both physical and spiritual powers, just as the medicine man and shaman do, and as do the grains of tobacco in the sacred pipe." (Smart p. 527) However, just like the rest of nature, humans must give of themselves to help keep the cycles of regeneration going. SourcesAtwood-Lawrence, Elizabeth. The Symbolic Role of Animals in the Plains Indian Sun Dance. http://www.envirolink.org/arrs/psyeta/sa/sa1.1/lawrence.html (Feb 3, 1997) Eliade, M. (1975). Myths, Dreams, and Mysteries. New York: Harper and RowKehoe, Alice B. (1992). North American Indians A Comprehensive Account. New Jersey: Prentice-HallSchwatka, Frederick. (1889-1890). The Sun-Dance of the Sioux. Century Magazine. Pp. 753-759.Welker, Glenn. The Sun Dance http://www.indians.org/welker/sundance.htm (Jan 7, 1996)

An Evaluation of the Performance of Three Different Mutual Funds Essay

Asset Allocation: Up to 95% of the Fund’s NAV will be invested in equities. Minimum of 5% of the Fund’s NAV will be invested in sukuk, Islamic debt instruments, Islamic money market instruments and/or liquid assets acceptable under Shariah principle Investment Strategy And Policy RHB Islamic Growth Fund is geared towards investors who look for Shariah compliant instruments that provide long term capital appreciation. The Fund will be mainly investing in public listed companies with growth potential,  sukuk, Islamic debt securities and other securities acceptable under the Shariah principles. Selection of equity investments of the Fund will be in line with those in the SC’s Shariah list which is updated and published twice a year. The External Investment Manager utilises a strategy that seeks attractively priced companies in undervalued sectors, or in sectors that have strong upward stock price momentum by seeking businesses that demonstrate strong increase in earnings per share and continue to strengthen their fundamental capabilities and competitive positions, amongst others. The Fund may invest in fixed income securities to preserve the value of the Fund under volatile market conditions. For fixed income securities, the Fund seeks investments amongst the Shariah compliant fixed income papers that are of investment grades. As such, the equities holding may be reduced. Performance Benchmark: FTSE Bursa Malaysia Emas Shariah Index. Securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally or particular industries represented in the securities markets. The value of a security may decline due to general market conditions which are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investors’ sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labour shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than The performance of each individual stock that a unit trust fund invests is dependent upon the management quality of the particular company and its growth potential. Hence, this would have an impact on the unit trust fund’s prices and its dividend income. RHBIAM aims to reduce all these risks by using diversification that is expected to reduce the volatility as well as the risk for the Fund’s portfolio. In addition, RHBIM will also perform continuous fundamental research and analysis to aid its active asset allocation management especially in its stock selection process. This risk is associated with investments that are quoted in foreign currency denomination. When an underlying fund is denominated in a foreign currency  which fluctuates unfavourably against the Ringgit, the investment in the Fund may face currency loss in addition to the capital gains/losses. This will lead to a lower NAV of the Fund. Currency risks could be mitigated on a two-pronged approach. Firstly by spreading the investable assets across differing currencies and secondly by utilising forward contracts to hedge the currencies if it is deemed as necessary to do so. Bond issuers may default or reschedule their repayment. When this occurs the value of the defaulted bond would fall and cause the NAV of the underlying fund to decline in a similar proportion. This risk can be mitigated by careful selection of bond funds and in any case this Fund only invests in bond funds that invest in investment grade bonds. The performance of equities and money market instruments held by the underlying funds are also dependent on company specific factors like the issuer’s business situation. If the company-specific factors deteriorate, the price of the specific security may drop significantly and permanently, possibly even regardless of an otherwise generally positive stock market trend. Risks include but are not limited to competitive operating environments, changing industry conditions and poor management. Since the Fund invests into funds managed by other fund houses, the Manager has no control over the respective fund houses’ investment technique, knowledge or management expertise. In the event of mismanagement, the NAV of the Fund which invests into the Target Funds would be affected negatively. Although the probability of such occurrences is far fetched, should the situation arise the Manager reserves the right to seek an alternative fund manager and/or other collective investment scheme that is consistent with the objective of the Fund. Any changes in national policies and regulations may have an effect on the capital markets in which the Target Funds are investing. If this occurs there is a possibility that the unit price of the Fund may be adversely affected. Since a large portion of the Fund’s NAV is invested in the Target Fund, investment into the Fund assumes the risks inherent in the respective Target Funds. The specific risks to investors when investing in the Fund include the following: Investment manager risk As this Fund invests at least 95% of its NAV in the Target Fund, it is subject to the risk associated with the investment manager of the Target  Fund. This is the risk associated with the following:- (i) The risk that the investment manager may under-perform the target or the benchmark of the Target Fund due to the investment manager making poor forecasts of the performances of securities, asset classes or markets; (ii) The risk of non-adherence to the investment objectives, strategy and policies of the Target Fund, which may occur due to system failure or the inadvertence of the investment manager; and  (iii) The risk of direct or indirect losses resulting from inadequate or failed operational and administrative processes, systems and people. RHBIM has no control over the investment manager’s investment strategy, techniques and capabilities, operational controls and management of the Target Fund. Any mismanagement of the Target Fund may negatively affect the NAV of the Fund. In the event of such occurrence, RHBIM would seek an alternative investment manager and/or other target fund that is consistent with the objective of the Fund. Market risk: The value of the instruments in which the Target Fund invests, may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual companies and/or prevailing economic conditions. Movement of overseas markets may also have an impact on the local markets. Currency risk: The Fund invests up to 95% of its NAV in the Target Fund denominated in USD. Fluctuation in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of the Fund’s foreign investments when converted into local currency and subsequently the value of Unit Holders’ investments. When USD moves unfavourably against the Ringgit, these investments will suffer currency losses. This is in addition to any capital gains or losses in the investment (please note that capital gains or losses in the Feeder Fund’s investment in the Target Fund is also exposed to currency gains or losses resulting from fluctuations in the foreign exchange rates between USD and the other currencies which the Target Fund may be e exposed to. RHBIM may utilise the hedging of currencies to mitigate this risk. Liquidity risk: The liquidity risk that exists at the Fund level is associated with the inability of the Target Fund to meet large redemption in a timely manner. In the event of large redemption request that would result in the total redemption shares in the Target Fund to be more than 10% of the shares in the Target Fund or a particular share class of the Target Fund, part or all of such requests for redemption may be deferred for a period typically not exceeding ten Target Fund Business Days. Regulatory risk: Any changes in national policies and regulations may have an effect on the capital markets in which the Target Fund is investing. If this occurs, there is a possibility that the unit price of the Fund may be adversely affected. Risk of Substantial Redemptions Substantial redemptions of shares within a limited period of time could require the Target Fund to liquidate positions more rapidly than would otherwise be desirable, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of the Target Fund. This risk may be exacerbated where an investment with a fixed life or where investments utilizing hedging techniques is made by the Target Fund. Suspension of NAV Calculation / Limitation of Redemption Payments The Umbrella Fund may in certain circumstances temporarily suspend the determination of the net asset value per share of the Target Fund or a specific share class of the Target Fund and the issue, redemption or exchange of shares or a particular share class in the Target Fund. As further described in the Target Fund Prospectus, if on any given date requests for redemption of shares relate to more than 10% of the shares in the Target Fund or a particular share class of the Target Fund, part or all of such requests for redemption may be deferr ed for a period typically not exceeding ten (10) Target Fund Business Days. CIMB Principal Equity fund Investment objective To provide investors with an opportunity to gain consistent and stable income by investing in a diversified portfolio of dividend yielding equities and fixed income securities. The Fund may also provide moderate capital growth potential over the medium to long term period. Any material changes to the investment objective of the Fund would require Unit holders’ approval. Benchmark As this Fund is an equity fund with up to 30% of its NAV in foreign equities, the benchmark of the Fund is a composite comprising 70% KLCI + 30% MSCI AC Asia ex Japan. The information on KLCI can be obtained from http://www.bursamalaysia.com and local national newspapers. The information on MSCI AC Asia ex Japan can be obtained from http://www.msci.com/overview/index.html and Bloomberg L.P. Investment policy and principal investment strategy The Fund may invest up to a maximum of 98% of its NAV in equities in order to gain long-term capital growth. The Fund may opt to invest in foreign equities up to a maximum of 30% of its NAV. In line with its objective, the investment policy and strategy of the Fund will be to invest in a diversified portfolio of high dividend yielding stocks and/or fixed income securities aimed at providing a stable income stream in the form of distributions to investors. The asset allocation strategy for this Fund is as follows:  up to 98% of the Fund’s NAV in a diversified portfolio of dividend yielding equities and/or fixed income securities; and at least 2% in liquid assets. The asset allocation will be reviewed periodically depending on the country’s economic and stock market outlook. The Manager will underweight/overweight equities and/or fixed income securities when necessary. CIMB-Principal combines a top-down asset and sector allocation process with a bottom-up stock selection process. The asset allocation decision is made after a  review of macroeconomic trends in Malaysia and other global economies. In particular, CIMB Principal analyzes the direction of GDP growth, interest rates, inflation, currencies and government policies. CIMB-Principal will then assess their impact on corporate earnings and determine if there are any predictable trends. These trends form the basis for sector selection. The criteria for stock selection would include stocks that have a medium term (2 to 5 years) dividend record or a yearly distribution policy. The Manager will also actively search for under-valued high dividend yielding stocks that may also offer promising long term capital appreciation. Stock valuation fundamentals considered are earnings per share growth rate, return on equity, price earnings ratio and net tangible assets multiples. As part of its risk management strategy, the Fund is constructed and managed within pre-determined guidelines. CIMB-Principal employs an active asset allocation strategy depending upon the equity market expectations. Where appropriate, the Manager will also employ an active trading strategy in managing the Fund. As this Fund is defensive in nature and designed to cater for the needs of more risk-averse equity investors, this Fund will serve well in bear market conditions. However, in bull market the Fund will underperform the market as the Manager will not take on more risk to divert into highly volatile aggressive stocks. Further, in times of adversity in equity markets and as part of its risk management strategy, CIMB-Principal may from time to time reduce its proportion of higher risk assets, such as equities and increase its asset allocation to lower risk assets, such as debentures and liquid assets, to safeguard the investment portfolio of the Fund provided that such investments are within the investment objective of the Fund. When deemed necessary, the Manager may also utilize derivative instruments, subject to the SC Guidelines, for purposes such as hedging. The Manager has appointed CIMB-Principal (S), as the Sub-Manager for the foreign investments of this Fund with the approval of the SC and the Trustee. CIMB-Principal (S) will be responsible for investing and managing these foreign investments in accordance with the investment objective and within the investment restrictions. All costs of this appointment will be borne by the Manager to ensure no additional fee is levied on the Unit holders of this Fund. The Fund may invest in foreign markets where the regulatory authorities are members of the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). The Fund’s investments in foreign markets will be subject to the limit set by BNM and any conditions imposed by the SC from time to time. Currently, the Fund’s holding in foreign investments will not exceed 30% of its NAV. The Sub-Manager may invest beyond this limit provided the approvals are obtained from the relevant authorities (where necessary) and any increase will be reflected in a supplementary prospectus (if deemed necessary). Notwithstanding the aforesaid, the Sub-Manager may decide not to invest in foreign securities as may be agreed upon by the Manager from time to time. Balanced fund Investment objective: To grow the value of investment over the long term through a diversified portfolio with equity and fixed income securities. Any material changes to the investment objective of the Fund would require Unit holders’ approval. Benchmark: As this Fund may invest up to 60% of it NAV in equities with the balance in fixed income securities, the benchmark of the Fund is a composite comprising 60% KLCI + 40% CIMB Bank 1-month Fixed Deposit Rate. The information on KLCI can be obtained from http://www.bursamalaysia.com and local national newspapers. The information on CIMB Bank 1-month Fixed Deposit Rate can be obtained from CIMB Bank website (www.cimbbank.com.my). Investment policy and principal investment strategy The Fund aims to invest in a diversified portfolio of equities and fixed income investments. In line with its objective, the investment policy and strategy of the Fund will be to maintain a balanced portfolio between equities and fixed income investments in the ratio of 60:40. The fixed income portion of the Fund is to provide some capital stability to the Fund whilst the equity portion will provide the added return in a rising market. The investments by the Fund in equity securities shall not exceed 60% of the NAV of the Fund and investments in fixed income securities and liquid assets shall not be less than 40% of the NAV of the Fund with a minimum rating of â€Å"BBB3† or â€Å"P3† by RAM or equivalent rating by MARC, Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. The asset allocation strategy for this Fund is as follows: the equity securities will not exceed 60% of the Net Asset Value of the Fund; investments in fixed income securities and liquid assets shall not be less than 40% of the NAV of the Fund; and at all times, at least 2% of the NAV of the Fund must be maintained in liquid assets. The asset allocation will be reviewed periodically depending on the country’s economic and stock market outlook. In a rising market, the 60% limit may be breached. However, the Manager will seek to adjust this within a time frame approved by the Trustee. CIMB-Principal will adopt an active trading strategy and is therefore especially selective in the buying and selling of securities for the Fund. For the fixed income portion, CIMB-Principal formulates the interest rate outlook by considering factors such as the Malaysian inflation rate, monetary policies and economic growth. With an interest rate outlook and yield curve analysis, CIMB-Principal identifies the weighting of the investment tenor and credit fo r the Fund. In the unlikely event of a credit rating downgrade, the investment manager reserves the right to deal with the security in the best interest of the Unit holders. As active fund managers, CIMB-Principal has in place flexible tolerance limits to cater to such situations. CIMB-Principal can for example, continue to hold the downgraded security if the immediate disposal of the security would not be in the best interest of the Unit holders. For the equities portion, CIMB-Principal combines a top-down asset and sector allocation process with a bottom-up stock selection process. The asset allocation decision is made after a review of macroeconomic trends in Malaysia and other global economies. In particular, CIMB-Principal analyzes the direction of GDP growth, interest rates, inflation, currencies and government policies. CIMB Principal will then assess their impact on corporate earnings and determine if there are any predictable trends. These trends form the basis for sector selection. Sto ck selection is based on the growth style of equity investing. As such, the criteria for stock selection would include improving fundamentals and growth at reasonable valuations. Stock valuation fundamentals considered are earnings per share growth rate, return on equity, price earnings ratio and net tangible assets multiples. As part of its risk management strategy, the Fund is constructed and managed within pre-determined guidelines. Essentially, CIMB Principal employs an active asset allocation strategy  depending upon the equity market expectations, and at the same time monitors the bond portfolio according to three (3) parameters: tenor, credit ratings and sector. The duration of the bond portfolio is also monitored and modified according to the Manager’s interest rate outlook (i.e. the sensitivity of the portfolio to interest rate changes). In response to adverse conditions and as part of its risk management strategy, CIMB-Principal may from time to time reduce its proportion of higher risk assets, such as equities and increase its asset allocation to lower risk assets, such as debentures and liquid assets, to safeguard the investment portfolio of the Fund provided that such investments are within the investment objective of the Fund. Additionally, for investments in debt markets, the Manager may reduce holdings in longer tenured assets and channel these monies into shorter-term interest bearing deposits. When deemed necessary, the Manager may also utilize derivative instruments, subject to the SC Guidelines, for purposes such as hedging. Bond fund Investment objective: The objective of CIMB-Principal Bond Fund is to provide regular income as well as to achieve medium to long term capital appreciation through investments primarily in Malaysian bonds. Any material changes to the investment objective of the Fund would require Unit holders’ approval. Benchmark: The benchmark of the Fund is the RAM Quant shop MGS Bond Index (Medium Sub-Index). Information on the benchmark can be obtained from http://www.quantshop.com Investment policy and principal investment strategy Up to 98% of the Fund’s NAV may be invested in debentures carrying at least an â€Å"A3† or â€Å"P2† rating by RAM or equivalent rating by MARC, Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. The rest of the Fund is maintained in the form of liquid assets to meet any redemption payments to Unit holders. In line with its objective, the investment strategy and policy of the Fund is to invest in a diversified portfolio of approved fixed income securities consisting primarily of bonds, aimed to provide a steady stream of income. The asset allocation for the  Fund is as follows: †¢ up to 98% in debentures and other permissible investments; and †¢ at least 2% in liquid assets. The asset allocation strategy will be reviewed periodically depending on the country’s economic and bond market outlook. CIMB Principal will adopt an active trading strategy and will be especially selective in the buying and selling of securities for the Fund. CIMB-Principal formulates an interest rate outlook through examining factors such as the Malaysian inflation rate, monetary policies and economic growth. With an interest rate outlook and yield curve analysis, CIMB-Principal identifies the weighting of the investment tenor and credit for the Fund. In the unlikely event of a credit rating downgrade, the Manager reserves the right to deal with the security in the best interest of the unit holders. As active fund managers, CIMB-Principal has in place flexible tolerance limits to cater to such situations. CIMB Principal can for example, continue to hold the downgraded security if the immediate disposal of the security would not be in the best interest of the unit holders. As part of its risk management strategy, the Fund is constructed and managed within pre-determined guidelines. Essentially, CIMB Principal monitors the bond portfolio according to three (3) parameters: tenor, credit ratings and sector. The duration of the bond portfolio is also monitored and modified according to the Manager’s interest rate outlook (i.e. the sensitivity of the portfolio to interest rate changes). In response to adverse conditions and as part of its risk management strategy, CIMB-Principal may reduce holdings in longer tenured assets and channel these monies into shorter-term interest bearing deposits. The Manager may also from time to time invest in liquid assets to safeguard the investment portfolio of the Fund provided that such investments are within the investment objective of the Fund. When deemed necessary, the Manager may also utilize derivative instruments, subject to the SC Guidelines for purposes such as hedging. Invesco Asia Infrastructure Fund (â€Å"the Target Fund†) is a sub-fund of Invesco Funds (the â€Å"SICAV†). The SICAV is incorporated as a socià ©tà © anonyme under the laws of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg and qualifies as an open-ended socià ©tà © d’investissement à   capital variable. The SICAV is authorized as an undertaking for collective  investment in transferable securities under the law of 20th December, 2002. The SICAV was incorporated in Luxembourg on 31st July, 1990. The Directors of the SICAV are responsible for the management and administration of the SICAV and for its overall investment policy. The Directors of the SICAV have appointed Invesco Management S.A. as management company to be responsible on a day to day basis under the supervision of the Directors, for providing administration, marketing, investment management and advice services in respect of all Invesco Funds. Invesco Management S.A. has delegated the investment management services to Invesco Hong Kong Limited (â€Å"Invesco Hong Kong†), who has discretionary investment management powers in respect of the Target Fund. Invesco Management S.A. was incorporated as a â€Å"socià ©tà © anonyme† under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg on 19th September 1991 and its articles of incorporation are deposited with the Luxembourg Registre de Commerce et des Socià ©tà ©s. Invesco Management S.A. is approved as a management company regulated by chapter 13 of the 2002 Law. As at December 2007, its capital amounts to USD 3,840,000 and the Directors of the SICAV are also composing the board of director s of Invesco Management S.A. Invesco Management S.A. shall ensure compliance of the SICAV with the investment restrictions and oversee the implementation of the SICAV’s strategies and investment policy. Invesco Management S.A. shall send reports to the Directors of the SICAV on a quarterly basis and inform each board member without delay of any noncompliance of the Company with the investment restrictions. J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A. (â€Å"JPMorgan†) has been appointed as the Custodian of the assets of the SICAV which will be held either directly by JPMorgan or through correspondents, nominees, agents or delegates of JPMorgan. J.P. Morgan was incorporated as a socià ©tà © anonyme incorporated on 16th May, 1973 and has its registered office at 6, route de Trà ¨ves, L-2633 Senningerberg, Grand- Duchy of Luxembourg. Investment objective and policy The Target Fund aims to achieve long term capital growth from investments in a diversified portfolio of Asian securities of issuers which are predominantly engaged in infrastructure activities. At least 70% of the total assets of the Target Fund (without taking into account ancillary  liquid assets) shall be invested in equity and debt securities denominated in any convertible currency issued by Asian companies predominantly active in the infrastructure sector. â€Å"Asian companies† shall mean companies listed in an Asian stock market and having their registered office in an Asian country or established in other countries but carrying out their business activities predominantly in Asia or holding companies investing predominantly in equity of companies having their registered office in an Asian country. Up to 30% of the total assets of the Target Fund may be invested in aggregate in cash and cash equivalents, money market instruments, equity and equity related instruments o r debt securities (including convertible debt) issued by companies or other entities not meeting the above requirement. Invesco Hong Kong is an active manager combining bottom-up and top-down multi-factor analysis, although they have a strong focus on bottom-up stock selection where they believe it can add value. The investment universe mainly includes companies in the Asia Pacific ex-Japan region that are principally engaged in infrastructure-related activities, including companies that are involved in providing the foundation of basic services, facilities and institutions upon which the growth and development of a community depends. In addition, ‘soft’ infrastructure that includes financial support (e.g. project financing from investment banks) and maintenance support (e.g. management of communication networks) also fall into this definition. Broadly speaking, infrastructure can be classified as but is not limited to: Economic Infrastructure – to support the long term growth of the economy. These assets have a long operating life and strong monopoly position. Examples: roads, airports and ports. Utilities – to provide essential services for the community. Examples: gas/ energy/ electricity generation, distribution and retailing, water distribution and waste treatment. Social Infrastructure – to provide public sector facilities for the society. This sector has emerged as governments have embraced the public private partnership concept in order to encourage operation efficiency. Examples: train stations, hospitals, schools and stadiums. Commercial infrastructure – private sector initiatives to cater for technology advancement. Examples: satellites, cable networks and renewable power plants. For the purpose of this Fund, the Manager will be investing in Class C of the Target Fund. As at LPD, only Accumulation Shares  are available for this share class. Investors holding Accumulation Shares will not receive any distributions. Instead, the income due to them will be rolled up to enhance the value of the Accumulation Shares.

King Leopold’s Ghost: A Critical Book Review Essay

At the beginning of the 18th century, Africa became a target of European imperialism. Prior to the said period, Africa only served as trading post for ensuring the flow of goods to Europe. It was also one of the chief sources of slaves. The Portuguese established small settlements on the Cape of Good Hope and Eastern Africa. The Spaniards colonized some parts of Western Sahara and Morocco. During this period, much of Africa was still unknown to the Europeans. It was a land of mystery and barbarism (from the descriptions of Spanish and Portuguese chroniclers). From 1850 to 1870, the European powers divided Africa into several colonies. The British received Sudan, Egypt, South Africa, and most of central Africa. North Africa, except Libya (which was allocated to Italy) was given to France. Germany received Tanzania, Togo, Cameroon, and Western Africa. The Spanish and Portuguese retained their possessions. At the Berlin Conference (headed by Otto von Bismarck), the European powers were surprised at Belgium’s insistence of acquiring colonies in Africa. After a careful review of territorial arrangements, the European powers agreed to give Belgium Congo. King Leopold’s insistence on acquiring Congo was essentially based on two reasons. First, according to official record, he wanted to stop the so-called Arab slave trade. The Arab slave trade had its origins in the Portuguese slave trade in the 16th century. The Arabs provided a significant supply of slaves to the Portuguese. King Leopold wanted to put an end to this practice as it jeopardized the dignity of the Christian religion. Second, King Leopold wanted to increase his property holdings. King Leopold believed that the future and prosperity of his country depended on acquisitions in Africa. Leopold witnessed the progress Britain enjoyed after it acquired a significant number of colonial possessions. The same thing can be said about France and Germany. Leopold wanted to make Belgium an equal partner of the other European powers in propagating European culture and ideology to Africa. General Summary The first chapters of the book provided insight to the colonization of Congo. Henry Stanley, a known advocate of African colonization, wrote a general account of the African life. The account was full of exaggerations and promises, that is, stimulants to pressure the European powers to colonize Africa. Stanley described the Africans as ‘submerging in the ways of barbarism and cannibalism’ – a description that he never saw. The deep prejudice of Stanley towards the people of Africa can be shown in his later writings. He argued that there is a need to educate and train the African people in order that they may become self-sufficient – by self-sufficient, one means the right to self-govern. Stanley’s belief was predominant among European scholars – an element of the so-called ‘white man’s burden hypothesis. ’ In any case, Stanley’s accounts made impression to the rulers of Europe – most of which were keen to acquire more colonies for wealth and prestige. Although it is erroneous to assume that Stanley’s account was the actual cause of European colonization of Africa, Stanley’s account provided sufficient justification for the colonization of the continent. The middle chapters of the book dealt with the main opponent of the Congo government. George Washington Williams was a man of righteous standing – worthy of the name he carried. Most of his life was devoted to denouncing the evils of European imperialism in Africa. He opposed the ‘collectivization of the Congo people’ as a means to increase the wealth of the king. He proposed for a general education program that will train the Congo people to become ‘self sufficient’ – a satirical word Williams used in his writings. He argued for the abolishment of forced labor – a method which he deemed unChristian and immoral. He exposed the true nature of the ‘humanitarian motive’ of the king, arguing that it was merely a front to increase the king’s popularity in Europe. The death of Williams in 1891 did not end the criticisms against the Congo government. Other individuals like William Sheppard and Roger Casement followed the steps of Williams. The intensity of the criticisms forced King Leopold to sell the Congo state to Belgium. The last chapters of the book dealt with the legacy of King Leopold in Congo. His legacies are as follows: 1) The establishment of tobacco and rubber plantations throughout the Congo State resulted to famine and forced conscription. Because much of the agricultural land was utilized for tobacco and rubber plantations, the production of agricultural crops decreased by about 70%. Many people died from starvation and disease. Many people who worked in these plantations lost their arms, legs, and noses because most of the equipment used were unsafe. Those who failed to meet the required quota were either thrown into prison or sold to wealthy landowners. Children, women, and the elderly were required to work for about 16 hours a day – worse than the factory system in Europe; 2) King Leopold destroyed the cultural life of the people of Congo. The royal governors neglected and even repressed cultural practices in an attempt to inculcate Western values to the Congo people. Of course, such effort failed. It was impossible to inculcate Western values because the Congo people saw it as the driving force of oppression. In any case, the royal governors succeeded in destroying the cultural life of the Congo people by increased brutality – only by brutality would people lost faith on their own way of living. The King’s Ghost The brutality of the Congo State was first and foremost the reflection of the king’s image. In private, he expressed his deepest prejudice to the Africans – which in his view were nothing but primates and sources of labor. Yes, he disgruntled slavery, so long as it does not concern the Europeans. The white man’s burden was essentially based on prejudicial philanthropy. The king only possessed prejudicial qualities and never philanthropy – a very concept which he himself despised. In any case, his death did not signal the end of oppression in Congo. The oppression continued until Congo’s independence from Belgium in 1960 – the year in which European imperialism in Africa ended – or supposed to have ended. The King’s Property It was Stanley’s description of the Arab slave trade which made significant impression to King Leopold. From the official records, Leopold argued that the only barrier to prosperity in central Africa was the Arab slave trade – a phenomenon that must be stopped. However, King Leopold wanted Congo for the following reasons: 1) Leopold saw Congo as a source of wealth and income. Upon acquiring Congo, Leopold proceeded to institute repressive administration tasked to extract wealth from the country. Ivory, minerals, and other precious objects were acquired by forced labor. Populations were ‘collectivized’ in order for the system to be more efficient and cost effective. When Henry Stanley became governor of the Congo State, he instituted policies that further the suffering of the Congo people. Tobacco was planted instead of traditional crops in a significant portion of Congo’s agricultural lands. Congo’s tobacco would be sold to Europe at a considerable price. The effect: there was widespread famine in Congo; 2) King Leopold wanted to build his reputation as a ‘philanthropist’ in the eyes of the European powers. Leopold initially doubted this approach, arguing that it was generally deviant from the methods used by other European powers. Stanley advised him that such approach was the most appropriate. He would gain fame and more importantly an important economic base in Africa. His ulterior motive of ‘becoming a philanthropist’ was somehow facilitated by his eradication of the Arab slave trade in Congo – which in actuality, he replaced by forced labor. A Picture of Congo The followers of Williams painted a general picture of Congo. According to them, Congo was: 1) A land of opportunity where the people can be exploited and robbed of their possessions. For the Europeans, the most priced asset of a colony was its inhabitants. Forcing inhabitants to work for about 16 hours a day was excruciating for the Europeans. It demanded more creative means of ‘persuading’ people to increase their quotas; 2) A land of desolation where famine and disease were everywhere. The syllabus of European imperialism called for the introduction of science and medicine to alleviate peoples’ sufferings. The Congo State did the opposite. Instead of allotting food and medicine to the poor, it used its official coercive powers to destroy life, property, and liberty; 3) A land of primates whose hands tittered with mud and suffering. A group of primates (Africans) for Leopold would never equal a poor Belgian. From King Leopold’s view, the efficacy of effective colonial rule rested on the laurels of brutality. If the colonized people were ‘primitive’, then it was the work of the colonizer to further the suffering of the people. The hand of the primate, remarked Leopold was worth more than the mind of a European gazer (but never his personality). Conclusion Hochschild’s picture of Congo is accurate in three respects. First, most of the accounts used were directly derived from personal accounts of former slaves, plantation workers, and prisoners. Although it is possible that the accounts might be a little exaggerated, the flow of theme is generally in unity. Two things are certain. First, King Leopold acquired the Congo State for his personal use (increase his wealth and prestige). Second, his policies led to increased suffering to the Congo people. In any case, one cannot deny the fact that the ravages of European imperialism were also present in other parts of Africa. Only in Congo were the ravages greatly manifested itself in the policies and directives of the royal governors. This is not a proclaimed hypothesis; this is fact – a reality that every individual must know. Bibliography Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold’s Ghost. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1998.

Introductions for ESL - Advanced Level Classes

Introductions for ESL - Advanced Level Classes The beginning of a new class is a good time for a global review of the tenses and forms that you will be studying during the coming course. The idea of this exercise is not to intimidate the students, nor to have them learn everything in one go. Most students will have already studied most of these forms and the following year serves to improve and build upon the set of English skills that they have already acquired. The following conversation exercises serve the double purpose of introducing students to each other and getting them to converse from the get-go, as well as reviewing the number of more advanced structures that they will be working on during your course. This spoken exercise can also work well as a means of review. For lower-intermediate or false beginners. Aim: Introduce students to each other while introducing/reviewing a wide range of tenses Activity: Interviewing activity in pair work Level: Advanced Outline Ask students to break up into groups of three or four and write down the names of all the tenses they can remember including an example for each tense. You may want to help them as this exercise is just a way of introducing structures that they will be working on during your course.Talk quickly about the structures that are mentioned. You may also want to write the names of the tenses on the board so that students can refresh their memories.Ask students to get up and find a partner.Have the students take short one or two-word notes on the questions from the first worksheet. Students dont need to write full answer notes but should focus on replying in full sentences to the questions asked by their partners.Once students have completed the task, ask them to quietly read through the notes they have taken about their partner.Have students get up again and find another partner. Distribute the second worksheet and have them answer questions about their partners. Once again, students dont n eed to write full answer notes but should focus on replying in full sentences to the questions asked by their partners. Make sure to point out that this exercise is intended to remind them of what sort of elements go into using English (i.e. tenses in this case) and that you will be taking your time going through all the points so quickly covered in this lesson.After you have finished the exercise, have a class discussion about the differences between the first person I and a third person he, she (i.e. s on the third person singular, etc.) Getting to Know Your Classmates Questions For Your Partner What were you doing this time last year?What will you be doing this time next year?What do you hope you will have improved by the time you finish this course?What do you think will happen during this course?What do you do?How long have you been working/studying at your present job/course?Remember the last time you were interrupted at work/study. What had you been doing before you were interrupted?What would you change about your job/school if you were in charge?When did you choose your job/school? Is there any one thing that had happened to make you choose your line of work/field of study?What would you have done if you hadnt chosen your current profession/field of study?What are you currently working on/studying?How long have you been doing your favorite hobby?What did you use to do that you now miss?What must have been the reason for your stopping what you used to do? Questions About Your Partners Partner What was he/she doing this time last year?What will he/she be doing this time next year?What does he/she hope he/she will have improved by the time he/she finishes this course?What does he/she think will happen during this course?What does he/she do?How long has he/she been working/studying at his/her present job/course?Remember the last time he/she was interrupted at work/study. What had he/she been doing before he/she was interrupted?What would he/she change about his/her job/school if he/she were in charge?When did he/she choose his/her job/school? Is there any one thing that had happened to make he/she choose his/her line of work/field of study?What would he/she have done if he/she hadnt chosen his/her current profession/field of study?What is he/she currently working on/studying?How long has he/she been doing his/her favorite hobby?What did he/she use to do that he/she now misses?What must have been the reason for his/her stopping what he/she used to do?

Yet 3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers

Yet 3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers Yet 3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers Yet 3 More Types of Hyphenation Errors with Numbers By Mark Nichol Confusion about the relationship between hyphens and numbers, whether they appear in numeral or spelled-out form, is rampant. Each of the following examples erroneously employs hyphens; discussion after each sentence explains the error, and a revision corrects it. 1. Because of concussions, he had played just sixty-nine games in two seasons between 2010-2012. Using a hyphen rather than an en dash in a number range is generally an error of ignorance (though some publications, with full awareness of the distinction between the two symbols, confusingly insist on doing so anyway). However, linking 2010 and 2012 in a number range with any connective symbol is redundant to preceding the numbers with between, which should be counterbalanced with an intervening and: â€Å"Because of concussions, he had played just sixty-nine games in two seasons between 2010 and 2012.† An alternative revision, correctly employing the en dash, is â€Å"Because of concussions, he had played just sixty-nine games in the 2010–11 and 2011–2012 seasons.† 2. This goal may be achievable in a 12-to-24 month time frame. Just as it is not necessary to repeat the word for the unit of time in â€Å"12 months to 24 months†- the first iteration of month is implicit- the word may be elided from a version of the phrase that uses hyphens. But do not link the two numbers with one or more of these symbols (or with one or more dashes); to serves the connective function, and the hyphens represent that the numbers, when combined with month, modify â€Å"time frame.† Form the construction (which employs a syntactical technique known as suspensive hyphenation) as shown here: â€Å"This goal may be achievable in a 12- to 24-month time frame.† Also, many publications spell out numbers up to one hundred, so it might be correct (or preferable to you, if no specific style is required for your content) to instead write, â€Å"This goal may be achievable in a twelve- to twenty-four-month time frame.† 3. A similar incident occurred four-and-a-half years later. The words representing a number consisting of a mixed fraction should be hyphenated only if the phrase modifies a noun that follows it. Here, the words in the phrase should stand on their own: â€Å"A similar incident occurred four and a half years later.† (Compare â€Å"A similar incident occurred after a four-and-a-half-year interval.†) We had already covered hyphenation errors here and here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Does [sic] Mean?What to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowPrepositions to Die With

Bussiness concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bussiness concepts - Assignment Example The efforts that a company puts into corporate social responsibility supersede the expectations of the various groups that protect the environment and different regulators. Another name for Corporate Social responsibility is Corporate Citizenship. Corporate Social Responsibility may involve the organization incurring short-term costs without immediate benefits to the company in terms of finance (Hunnicutt, 2009). A company that involves itself in Corporate Social Responsibility stands to benefit in several ways as discussed below. Corporate Social responsibility enables an organization to market itself and the products and services to the society. By getting into contact with the consumers and potential consumers of the organization’s products or services, the organization has the opportunity to explain in detail the products and services it offers. Further, the organization’s staff may answer any questions that the consumers and potential consumers may have. This helps the organization to ensure that it retains its customers aside from ensuring customer loyalty. The company is also able to sell an image of a company that considers the concerns of the society and takes the initiative of undertaking corrective or mitigating measures (Chen, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility gives an organization an opportunity to improve the knowledge of the employees on the products and services that the company offers. The organization takes advantage of Corporate Social Responsibilities to train their employees on the company products, services and policies so that as they interact with the members of the public they can represent the organization well. Engagement of the employees also boosts their morale, since they feel like they are involved in the building of the organization by being ambassadors. Employees also engage in activities that they may consider noble, therefore increasing their pride in working for the organization

Freud and dreams The thoughts of Freud and association of dreams Essay

Freud and dreams The thoughts of Freud and association of dreams - Essay Example A theme of the paper is that the great contributor gave central importance to understanding individual meaning. He also addressed the challenges of understanding increasing developmental complexity, although neither acknowledged the challenge in these terms. The latter consideration frames a portrayal of the limitations of the ideas of each from our contemporary perspective. A final section of the paper looks to the future, invoking the creative spirit of these scientific ancestors as part of today's living history. I ask what the approaches of Freud offer us as we address the challenges of increasing complexity and seek new developmental advances in the 21st century. Freud's living contributions draw our attention to the meaning of individual experience. They tell us that much about the course of human development and its vicissitudes can be described in terms of lawful principles; priority, however, must be given to investigating individuality. In the discussion that follows in this paper, I shall emphasize Freud's influence on some key trends in today's developmental psychology, giving only brief mention to the history of child development between Freud's time and ours. It is hoped, however, that engaging in this kind of "back-to-the-future" journey will provide us with both pleasure and some fresh insights. Freud was a p DISCUSSION Freud was a practicing clinician who learned early that variations in private meaning cannot be taken for granted. Related to this point is another straightforward one, which, like the first, continues to permeate our developmental dialectics even today. This concerns the reality of psychic life and the assertion that understanding an individual's unique life and living perspective is worthy of both study and therapeutic attention. Strong contemporary statements of both points for developmental psychology can be seen in Bruner (2000) and in Stern (2003). PLAY Play offers a good way to begin taking a fresh look at Freud. We can envision Freud attending to the meaning of individual experience and theorizing in ways that are both simple and profound. Writing in 1920, Freud described observations of his 1 -year-old grandson who lived with him for some weeks. He commented that the child was not at all precocious in language development and frequently threw things away from himself-for example, in a corner or under a bed. On these occasions, the child often pronounced a long, drawn-out "Oooo"-an utterance that the child's mother and Freud agreed seemed to represent the German word fort (i.e., gone). One day I made an observation. The child had a wooden reel with a piece of string tied round it. what he did was to hold the reel by the string and very skillfully throw it over the edge of his curtained cot, so that it disappeared into it, at the same time uttering his expressive "Oooo." He then pulled the reel out of the cot again by the string and hailed its reappearance with a joyful "Da" (there). This, then, was the complete game-disappearance and return. As a rule, one only witnessed its first act, which was repeated untiringly as the game in itself, for there is no doubt that the greater pleasure was attached to the second act. (Freud, 1920/2003a. p. 15) Freud added a footnote to this work in which he documents a subsequent observation that seemed to confirm his

How has technology helped with air pollution problem Research Paper

How has technology helped with air pollution problem - Research Paper Example Interestingly, despite the fact that transportation sector is vital for economic and social development; the sector has been heavily criticized for contributing a large portion of environmental pollution, particularly with regard to air pollution. This is because the sector consumes a significant amount of fossil fuels that provide energy used to run engines used in transport. Combustion of fossil fuels leads to production of green house gasses that are detrimental to the environment. In this regard, technological solutions have been implemented in the transport sector to help reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, this essay will evaluate the extent to which technology and public transportation in trains, buses and planes has helped to reduce air pollution. To begin with, there are several air pollutants whose sources are closely associated with the transport sector in one way or another. In reality, the atmospheric components are not exclusively ‘pure’ in relation to the quantities of pollutants in the air. However, there are specific threshold concentrations of the pollutants beyond which the atmosphere is classified as being polluted and therefore posing serious health concerns to living creatures on the ground. According to National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI), atmospheric pollution is classified according to the type of effects associated to the pollutants hence resulting into atmospheric Acidification, eutrophication and formation of ground level ozone (2013). Atmospheric acidification, which results from pollutants such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), results into destruction of vegetations and buildings because of the chemical reactions that take place between acidic water and contact agents. Similarly, eutrop hication, which results from nitrogen containing compounds such as nitrogen oxides, leads to nutrient imbalances in the environment hence negatively affecting vegetations that are sensitive to