Thermal Solutions to Reduce Electricity Costs

Thermal Solutions to Reduce Electricity Costs Executive summary This report investigates and analyses the thermal solutions to reduce the electricity cost for senior school at St Aidan’s Anglican Girls’ School. Approaches of analysis include calculating energy loss, thermal current and comparing current costs and revised costs, as well as the long-term (each term and annual) prediction for power consumption. The annual electricity cost is predicted to be $23064.56. All calculations can be found in the Appendix. Results from calculated data show that 29.09% of the power consumption can be reduced by replacing 36 W lights from 18 W tube light bulbs ($4.90 for two tubes, $44.10 overall) and installing the Hampton thermal curtains ($276 in total) with pelmet boxes ($183) of five years life expectancy. Hence, they are suggested to renovate every five years to maintain the efficiency of thermal curtains. Although these installations will need $503.10 initially, the payback will begin from the 7th month. This report evaluates that the current setting of the classroom in senior school can be altered to protect the environment and minimise electricity costs. Therefore, there are some recommendations: Install the Hampton thermal curtains with pelmet boxes Thermal curtains should be shut all the time in order to achieve the revised cost Small technology devices (e.g. projector, printer, iron and hot glue guns) usage should be minimised to reduce power usage (e.g. turn them off instead of stand-by when not using) There are some weaknesses of the report: Thermal current of furniture in the room is not considered. Monthly temperature data are not exact results, they are based on past average temperature data. Number of classrooms are an approximation instead of counting due to variation in classroom setting (e.g. one air-conditioner, more or less lights, fridge) Key assumptions The power is assumed to be used only on schooldays. The energy loss from the recorded data (the energy required to cool down) is assumed to be the same every day. The room is assumed to be a closed system, so the thermal current of windows is equivalent to the power usage of both air-conditionings. Power Usage Analysis Introduction Thermal (heat) energy always tends to transfer from one hot space spreading to colder surroundings space by conduction, convection and radiation (Cambridge University Press, 2014) and its flow is affected by the temperature difference. Thermal current () is the rate at which heat energy passes through a material, which is calculated as . The thermal conductivity (k) is a measure of how well the material transfers heat; lower values of conductivity indicate better insulating material. Thermal insulators such as thermal curtains and double glazing windows are commonly used in homes or buildings to maintain constant room temperature by prevention of convection current and minimise energy usage. This report will investigate, analyse and recommend thermal solutions for the school to reduce electricity usage and environmental benefits. Investigation and discussion Note: All data refers to Appendix – Calculation The data was collected by using Sparkvue temperature sensors connected to a computer. The first 30 minutes of the data was disregarded due to the sensor being exposed to direct sunlight, leading to the extremely high temperature (especially the peak at 3:19pm at 47.4Â °C) at the beginning of the data (Graph 1). Through analysis and calculations of the data, the internal temperature change had a positive gradient (between 5:04pm and 6:04pm) which indicated the room was gaining energy as the air-conditioning turned off (347.08 W). Current power usage During schooldays, 18 lights were used 1 hour 43 minutes per day and two air-conditionings were used 10 hours daily on average. The lights were found to consume a relatively low amount of energy of 1.11 kWh daily. Since the room was assumed to be a closed system, theoretically, the thermal current of the windows (137.14 kWh) should be equivalent to the power usage of air-conditioners. However, due to the information written on the air-conditioning was its upper most power usage, they would not be equal. In fact, the calculated consumption (Table 2) was less than the given data, which indicated the difference in power usage could be attributed to dissipation through the walls, floors and doors openings. Moreover, the total consumption (139.52 kWh) included the power consumption of lights and technology devices in the room to achieve higher accuracy. Thermal solutions Thermal solutions are reasonable and beneficial to diminish power consumption. The 36 W light bulbs can be replaced by 18 W lights, which each consume 0.56 kWh daily. Furthermore, thermal curtains are the most common thermal products, because more internal thermal convection current will be blocked, especially when the curtains are extended so that it reaches the floor. This would prevent the convection current and reduce energy flow into the room (Figure 9). Double and triple glazing of windows are commonly used as well, due to vacuum between glass panes eliminating losses by conduction and convection; however, installation is expensive, so thermal curtains are the most economic thermodynamic barriers to use in order to reduce the energy usage. Figure 9 – No gap (Rogers A, 2011) From researching thermal curtains, the Hampton thermal curtain is thermal coated which reduces a maximum of 25% energy loss (Energy.GOV, 2012). Only the front windows have contact with direct sunlight; others are all under shelter, so thermal curtains will only cover these. Hence, the Hampton thermal curtain is suggested to be installed for energy reduction, costing $276 in total. Pelmet boxes cost $183 overall, because the side of the front windows have a length of 6.02 m each, it would be reasonable to get two 6.10 m pelmet box on each side(some space for the curtain rod). The life expectancy of thermal curtains is usually five years; it is reasonable for the school to renovate new curtains every five years. It can be seen from Graph 2 that the costs maintain the same and increases by another full cost of $503.1 after renovating at the end of each five year cycle. Furthermore, the power usage with thermal solutions is calculated to be 97.25 kWh, having a 29.09% difference compared with the current settings. CBA – Cost Benefit Analysis The CBA graph (Graph 3) shows the current cost model and revised cost model accumulating over time. The break-even point occurs in the 7th month and when the current cost is approximately equivalent to the revised cost at $1661.8 and $1654.3, the current cost will exceed the revised cost. According to the CPI in Queensland has been fluctuating from 2007 to 2012 (Figure 10), which may continue changing in the next few years. By considering a long-term situation, Graph 4 illustrates an example of revised cost will increase every five years due to renovation of curtains, whilst maintaining a smaller rate of power consumption than the current cost. The power consumption for each term is calculated (Table 3-6) and used to investigate the annual revised cost of $23064.56 and 28.98% of electricity cost will be reduced from current cost in the senior school. If the electricity price increases 5% for both peak and off-peak hours, the trend would stay the same as the current cost has a higher gradient than the revised cost (Graph 4) and the fluctuation has an impact on the overall costs. (Australian Government, 2015) Figure 10 – CPI Annual Change Brisbane Recommendations The ultimate goal of diminishing the energy usage is to protect our environment and minimise energy consumption. Therefore: Thermal curtains with pelmet boxes and light bulbs should be installed. Curtains should be shut all the time in order to achieve the revised cost. It would be the most economical way if all small technology devices are not used at all (e.g. projector, printer, iron and hot glue guns). In conclusion, after installing the thermal solutions it is predicted to spend $23064.56 annually in the senior school, and results in saving approximately $13072 on power usage when all assumptions are valid, which will therefore reduce environment impact.

Morning Assembly

Government of Bihar Science & Technology Department Technology Bhawan, Bailey Road, Patna Adv. No. – ST-01/2012 Dated – 26. 05. 2012 NOTICE FOR CONTRACT APPOINTEMENT OF TEACHING CADRE POSTS IN ENGINEERING COLLEGES & GOVT. POLYTECHNICS IN THE STATE OF BIHAR Online applications are invited for contract appointments on vacant posts of Professors, Associate Professors and Assistant Professors in Engineering Colleges and on vacant posts of Lecturers & H. O. D. in Govt.Polytechnics of the State of Bihar in different faculties of Engineering, Non-Engineering and Humanities streams under the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of Bihar. 2. 2. 1 2. 1. 1 Edicational Qualification and Eligibility : Minimum Educational Eligibility for Contract Appointment in teaching cadre for Polytechnic Institutions: For Lecturer / Workshop Superintendent in Engineering and Technology: (a) The candidate is required to have passed the appropriate Graduation Level Engineering / Technology C ourse with Bachelor's degree in Engineering / Technology in the relevant branch with First Class or Equivalent.If the candidate has a Master's degree in Engineering / Technology, first class or equivalent is required at Bachelor's or Master's level. For Lecturer in Sciences and Humanities: The candidate must obtain First Class Master's degree in appropriate subject with first class or equivalent at bachelor's or Master's level.For Head of the Department (HOD) in Engineering / Technology : The candidate must have obtained Bachelor's and Master's degree of appropriate branch in Engineering / Technology with First Class or equivalent either at Bachelor's or Master's level with minimum of 10 years relevant experience in teaching / research / industry OR Bachelor's degree and Master's degree of appropriate branch in Engineering / Technology with First Class or equivalent either at Bachelor's or Master's level and Ph. D. r equivalent, in appropriate discipline in Engineering / Technology with minimum of 5 years relevant experience in teaching / research / industry. Minimum Educational Eligibility for Contract Appointment in teaching cadre of Engineering College: For Assistant Professor in Engineering / Technology: The Candidate should be B. E. / B. Tech and M. E. / M. Tech in relevant branch with First Class or equivalent either in B. E. / B. Tech or M. E. / M. Tech. For Assistant Professor in Pharmacy : The Candidate should be Bachelor's and Master's Degree in Pharmacy with First Class or equivalent either in Bachelor's or Master's Degree.For Assistant Professor in Sciences : The Candidate should have Good academic record with at least 55% marks or, an equivalent CGPA at the Master's Degree level in the relevant subject from an Indian University or an equivalent degree from a Foreign University. Besides fulfilling the above qualifications, candidates should have cleared the National Eligibility Test (NET) for Lecturers conducted by the UGC, CSIR or similar test acc redited by the UGC. For Associate Professor in Engineering / Technology : The Candidate should have B. E. B. Tech and M. E. / M. Tech in relevant branch with First Class or equivalent either in B. E. / B. Tech or M. E. / M. Tech and Ph. D. or equivalent in appropriate discipline with Minimum of 5 years experience in teaching / research / industry of which 2 years post Ph. D. experience is desirable. Post Ph. D. publications and guiding Ph. D. student is highly desirable. For Associate Professor in Sciences : The Candidate should have Good academic record with at least 55% marks or, an equivalent CGPA at the Master's level and Ph. D. egree in the relevant subject. 5 years experience in Teaching and / or Research excluding the period spent for obtaining the degrees and has made some mark in the areas of Scholarship as evidenced by quality of publications, contribution to educational innovation, design of new courses and curricula. 2. 2. 6 For Professor in Engineering / Technology : Ed ucational : (a) (b) The eligibility as mentioned for Associate Professor. Post Ph. D. publications and Guiding Ph. D. student is highly desirable. 2. 1. 2 2. 1. 3 2. 2 2. 2. 1 2. 2. 2 2. 2. 3 . 2. 4 2. 2. 5 Experience : Minimum of 10 years teaching / research / industrial experience of which at least 5 years should be at the level of Associate Professor OR Minimum of 13 years experience in teaching and / or Research and / or Industry. 3. Other Eligibility Criteria: (a) Nationality : (b) (c) 4. Age : Medical fitness : The Candidate should be a citizen of India. Minimum 18 years and maximum 64 years on 01. 01. 2012. Good mortal & Physical health, so as to fit to discharge official duty. Reservation : The reservation rule of the Govt. f Bihar will be applicable. 5. 6. Final Merit List : Final merit-list will be determined on the basis of total marks obtained in written Aptitude Test plus total marks determined on the basis of academic qualification & relevant experience. Brochure / Pro spectus : For details regarding provisions, eligibility, written aptitude test, consideration of Academic qualifications, procedure of selections etc. Please download the brochure from the website: www. bceceboard. com or www. bcecebonline. com and carefully go through it.Application Fee & Mode of submitting Application Form : (i) (ii) Application Fee for Gen, BC & EBC Categories Rs. 1000/- (Rs. One thousand only) Application Fee for SC & ST Categories Rs. 500/- (Rs. Five hundred only) The candidates are required to submit ‘ONLINE' Application Form as per the instructions given hereunder during the period from 02. 06. 2012 to 17. 06. 2012. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Visit website : www. bceceboard. com or www. bcecebonline. com Click on â€Å"Online Application for Contract Appointment of Teaching Cadre Posts†.Download the â€Å"Brochure† for details. Click on â€Å"Online Registration†. Online Application Form to be submitted in two parts i. e. ==; ==; # # (II) Part-1 Part-2 Includes personal details, contact details, academic details & work experience. Has four sections – Fee payment, Uploading of Photograph, Uploading of Signatures in English & Hindi. 2 7. 8. Submission of Online Application Form : (I) For filling up the above said both parts of the Application Form, follow the instruction as crop-up in computer.Your online Application Form will not be registered unless you upload your photograph, signature and Bank Draft no. & Date with issuing branch of the Bank. Take a print-out of the completed Application Form, attach Bank Draft for Fee and other required self attested certificates / documents and send it through Speed Post/ Registered Post only so as to reach latest by 27. 06. 2012 at the following address: â€Å"The Nodal Officer, Department of Science & Technology (Govt. of Bihar), C/o I. A. S. Bhawan, Near Patna Airport, Patna-800014† (III) 9.For Application Fee the required Bank Draft must be Payable at Patna and issued from any of the nationalised Bank in favour of Controller of Examination, B. C. E. C. E. Board. The last date for submission of Online Application Form is 17. 06. 2012 till 5. 00 PM. The last date for submission of print out of the Application Form alongwith Bank Draft and other documents through Registered Post / Speed Post is 27. 06. 2012 (5. 00 PM). For any delay in Postal transit, the authority will not undertake any responsibility what-so-ever. Nodal Officer Deptt. of Sc. & Technology (Govt. of Bihar)

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Employee Rewards Trip and Final Gala Celebration Itinerary Event planner :Claudia Cortez Day 1: Depart Detroit Airport, Arrive Las Vegas, Evening Group On-Own Activities Date: December 1st, 2013 2:30 pm Eastern Time Zone| Departure from Detroit Airport American Airlines (Lunch on Own) (4 hours and 28 minutes)| 4:00 pm Mountain Time Zone| ArArrArrsdfasdfgsad Arriv Arrive at the Las Vegas Airport and take Citizens Area Transit (CAT) bus system Phone: CAT-RIDE to hotelto Caesars Palace| 5:30 pm| Arrive at the Caesars Palace3570 S.Las Vegas Blvd. , Las Vegas, NV| 6:30 pm| Dinner on Own & Individual Free Time| 9: 00 pm| Evening Group Activity VEGAS! THE SHOWPlanet HollywoodVenue: Saxe TheaterShow Time: 9pm (2 miles round trip transportation to destination from hotel and back) -Activity Description and Cost| 11:00 pm| Return to Hotel | | Total Travel Miles Airplane 30,000: CAT citizen Area Transit 30 miles| | Total Activity Fee $600 . 00| Day 2: Visit and Tour of Hoover Dam and Other Las V egas Attractions, Group Dining Experience, Lodging in Las Vegas December 2, 2012 :00 am | Continental Breakfast at the Caesars Palace Hotel | 9:30 am | Departure to Hoover Dam ( 30 mile round trip transpirations to destination from hotel and back) – Activity Description and Cost| 10:00 am | Arrival at Hoover Dam and Tour –Adventure Float Trip a 30 minute trip aboard a Coast Guard approved large comfortable raft, allow unique views only available from the water of the Modern Marvel. | 11:30 am| Departure back to hotel | 12:30 pm| Group Dinning Experience at the Eiffel Tower Restaurant3655 Las Vegas Blvd S, Las Vegas, NV| 2- 7 pm | Free Time and Site Seeing | 8:00 pm| Group Activity House of Blues3950 S.Las Vegas Blvd. , Las Vegas, NVReturn to Hotel upon request| | Total Activity Fee: $300 : Travel CAT citizen Area Transit 20 miles | Days 3: Visit and Participate in Activities in Zion National Park and Springdale Utah, Lodging in Springdale December 3, 2013 10:00 am | De parture from Hotel to Sprindale Utah on Greyhound Bus (2 hours and 45 minutes)| 12:45 pm | Arrival and check in at hotel Bumbleberry Inn 97 Bumbleberry Lane P. O. Box 346 Springdale, UT 84767| 1:00pm | Lunch on Own| 2:00 pm | Visit the Zion History Museum with Shuttle System | 5:00 pm | Dinner at the Bumblerry Cottage Cafe with group| | Total Activity Fee $45|Days 4: Visit and Participate in Activities in Zion National Park and Springdale Utah, Lodging in Springdale December 3, 2013 8:30 am | Complimentary breakfast at the Bumbleberry Inn | 11:00 am | Check out of hotel | 11:30 am | Take Shuttle System to Zion National Park for Hiking Exhibition and Nature Tour | 12:30 pm | Lunch at the Zion National park on own | 2:00 pm | Departure to Bryce Canyon National Park Rubys Inn (1 hour and 52 minute )26 So Main, Bryce Canyon City, Utah 84764| | Total Activity Fee $20| Days 5: Visit and Participate in Activities in Bryce Canyon National Park and Ruby’s Inn December 5, 2013 :30 am| Complimentary breakfast at Ruby’s Inn | 10:00 am | Old Byce Town and Rock Shop | 12:00 pm | Lunch at the Cowboys Buffet and Steak Room| 3:00 pm| Guided ATV Tour Please bring bottled water, camera and scarf (for dust). Wear long pants or blue jeans and closed-toed shoes. | 5:00 pm | Dinner on Own & Individual Free Time| | Activity fee $115/Person | Days 6: Visit and Participate in Activities in Bryce Canyon National Park and Ruby’s Inn December 6, 2013 8:30 am | Complimentary Breakfast at Ruby’s Inn | 0:30 am | Ruby’s Inn Horseback Riding Thunder Mountain Ride (Full day )| 12:00 pm | Lunch During Horseback Riding Included| 5:00 pm | Return to Ruby’s Inn| 6:00 pm | Group Dinning at Rubys Inn Canyon Dinner | | Total Activity Fee $ 250/person| Day 7:Return Las Vegas, Evening Gala Celebration December 7, 2012 8:30 am | Complimentary Breakfast at Ruby’s Inn | 11:00 am | Check Out and Departure to Las Vegas Nevada on Greyhound (3 hours and 59 minut es) (Lunch at a quick stop McDonalds, Dairy Queen, Panera at Rest Stop Exit 53)| 3:00 pm | Check In and Arrival at the Caesars Palace3570 S.Las Vegas Blvd. , Las Vegas, NV| 5:00 pm | Evening Gala Celebration at the Romano Room Caesars Palace | | Total Activity Fee $50| Day 8 : Depart Las Vegas, Arrive Detroit Airport, Return to Firm Location December 8, 2012 8:00 am | Complimentary Breakfast | 10:00 am | Check out and departure to Las Vegas International Airport with Citizen Area Transit (CAT-RIDE)| 11:30 am| Lunch at the Airport on your own | 12:30 pm Mountain Time Zone | Departure from Las Vegas Airport | 2:00 pm Easter Time Zone | Arrival at Detroit Airport (4 hours and 23 mintues)| | Return to Firm Location |Expense ItemEstimated Cost Transportation (Firm Location to Airport)$ ___300____ Round Trip Airfare (Ticket Cost x 20 Participants)$ __13,400__ Rental Vehicles (2 Full-Size 15-Passenger Vans)$ ___620____ Gas (Total Trip Miles x 2 x $4. 25 Projected Gas Price)$ ____500___ Day 1 Lodging (10 Rooms x Room Rate)$ ___1,300____ Day 2 Lodging Costs (10 Rooms x Room Rate)$ ___1,100____ Hoover Dam Admission ( Cost x 20 Participants)$ ___160____ Parking (Cost x 2 Vehicles)$ ____20___ Dam Tour (Cost x 20 Participants)$ ____2,900___ Other Activity Costs$ ___500____Days 3-4 Lodging (10 Rooms x Room Rate)$ ____2,000___ Zion Entry Fee (Cost x 20 Participants or Per Vehicle)$ ____240___ Total Activity Costs$ ____1,000___ Days 5-6 Lodging (10 Rooms x Room Rate)$ ____2,300___ Bryce Canyon Entry Fee (Cost x 20 Participants or Per Vehicle)$ ___500____ Total Activity Costs$ ___700____ Day 7 Lodging (10 Rooms x Room Rate)$ ____1,300___ Day 8 Transportation (Airport to Firm Location)$ ____150___ Total Cost$ ___26,820____ As part of the Special Event Plan Assignment your Event Plan included a Gala Celebration.The contracted client has requested the following be included in the Gala Celebration: Cocktails/Cocktail Reception Formal Dinner Live Entertainment Photographer The Gala Celebration will begin at 5:00 pm at the Cesar Palace Roman Venue. Roman Venue down to the smallest detail, the unique setting of Romano will transport your guests to the eternal city. Quiet and intimate, Romano seats 35. Event will end at Midnight with the Marketing Vice President concluding the experience and giving out awards. Major consideration for the photographer was it was a family owned business at a very low rate cost to us.Our decision for the Entertainment was that we wanted to grab our attendees attention by having a Johnny Cash Impersonations to keep the entertainment in an exciting atmosphere. * 5:30 Cocktail and Cocktail Reception Lounge B at the Roman Open Bar $850 * 6:00pm Kyle Tippy CEO of Nation Wide Marketing Firm Key Note Speaker * 6:00 pm Formal Dinner will be served $4,000 * 8:00 pm dancing floor open * 11:00 Event Wrap up and Awards by Kevin Cola Vice President of Marketing * Live Entertainment by Ronnie Lee Twist $1,100 * Photographer by Trent Black Photog raphy $ 350

Is Virtual Community A Real Community - 915 Words

Persuasive Essay At the age of eight, all I have put effort on learning was begin competitive. The only one interest that became my addition of mine leads to my brother, who has introduced the Toon Town, an online gaming system, where every toon at different level have the opportunity to fight against the cogs with the amount of supplies they have; thereafter, the ones that survives through the fight earns toons’ laughter points to raise their toon levels up from the range as low as twenty-five to an extend as one-hundred thirty seven. The article by Sarah Adams, Be Cool to the pizza Dude demonstrates the ideal example of interacting with community. On the other hand, MySpace Outage Leaves Millions Friendless is an article by the Onion, online networking news publisher convey the downhill side of having to deal with malfunction of their habitual social networking site. Becoming part of an online gaming community makes us all feel good since an online community meets people’s expectatio n for accepting who they really are truly defining that virtual community is a real community. The only connectivity people can find these days easily are through online networking. MySpace Outage Leaves Millions Friendless is an article from America s finest news source, The Onion, has plethora of people turn down for not having MySpace.com for three straight days. It is fearless now days to make friend without walking up to stranger but to just befriend someone from the distant. ForShow MoreRelatedEssay on In what sense are virtual communities real?1351 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿In what sense(s) are virtual communities real communities? A virtual community is a network of people who interact through various forms of media, and allow users to obtain support, advice, friendship and sometimes merely just interaction with others. 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